Characterized by pain and signs of inflammation, ankylosing spondylitis may involve taking a significant amount of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is not without danger. What are the risks? Can we treat it differently? Side effects of consumption of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), we must find other treatment options. The real alternative is represented by the existence of new drugs - the biotherapies - revolution in the treatment of spondylitis.
Spondylitis, a common and painful disease
Ankylosing spondylitis is a painful inflammatory arthritis that is characterized by its preferential localization in the spine and sacro-iliac joints of the pelvis. It can also reach the peripheral joints, especially those of lower limbs. Dr. Sibilia said that "patients often have complications: 10 to 15% suffer from psoriasis, 30% of uveitis and 10% of Crohn's disease."
It is a relatively common disease, affecting mostly young men, 20 to 30 years. In France, an estimated 100 000 people are affected. Spondylitis causes intense inflammatory pain in the back and affected joints and tendons. To fight effectively reduce inflammation and pain, doctors based on the prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e. those that do not contain cortisone. But, taken in high doses over long periods, these drugs cause many side effects, sometimes serious.
The dangers of overuse of NSAIDs
75% of patients are relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. But for the remaining 25%, it does not work. I n consequence patients often then increase the doses of NSAIDs in the fight against pain. Thus, "they take such high doses over long periods" says Professor Jean Sibilia. The main risks of this overuse of NSAIDs are gastrointestinal and renal, but there is also an allergic risk and that from the first prize. At digestif, the most common is gastric discomfort, which must be taken into account, but the real danger is that of the ulcer, which may be complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding in case of puncture. Renal level, the greatest risk is that of acute renal failure, in elderly patients, dehydrated and take drugs such as diuretics or antihypertensives (ACE) inhibitors. Nephrologists also emphasize the risk of interstitial nephritis, which can lead to chronic renal insufficiency. "Even more unknown, there is a cardiovascular risk linked to taking these drugs," says Professor Sibilia.
Finally, more serious accidents, but fewer are reporting, as liver damage and agranulocytosis. "All anti-inflammatory drugs have these risks, but with gradients reached the rheumatologist. He recalled that the NSAIDs phenylbutazone remains the least well tolerated - "is an anti-inflammatory use very powerful hand in the final" - and proposes solutions to reduce the consumption of NSAIDs.
A revolution: the biotherapies
"We advise patients to take anti-inflammatory when poorly during outbreaks and stop or reduce consumption of them as soon as possible" says Dr. Sibilia. It is advisable to take painkillers and do the rehabilitation, but often this is not enough. "In case of inefficiency of NSAIDs, the major, the Anti-TNF Alpha" said the doctor. The three anti-TNF use in ankylosing spondylitis are etanercept (Enbrel ®), infliximab (Remicade ®) and adamilulab (Humira ®). 10 to 20% of patients benefit. "The effectiveness of anti-TNF alpha is spectacular, the symptoms disappear quickly," says Professor Sibilia. And, most importantly, patients can stop NSAIDs. Unlike the latter, biotherapies have no gastrointestinal or renal toxicity. However, these are powerful immunosuppressants. The risks of infection, particularly the revival of an old tuberculosis which has not been processed, therefore the main side effect possible.
French recommendations for treatment with anti-TNF Alpha? Ankylosing spondylitis have a certain (confirmed by MRI), have noted the inefficiency of at least two or three NSAIDs including phenylbutazone, and have an active disease. "In case of poorly controlled disease or intolerance to NSAIDs, an indication of anti-TNF alpha may be discussed with the practitioner," said Jean Sibilia. In the future, more patients will benefit can be biotherapies!
